In solar power generation, in addition to photovoltaic semiconductors, reinforced thermal conductive materials, ceramic insulators and glass are also needed. Ultrasonic soldering iron connections have been proven for silicon bonding and joining photovoltaic coated glass to metallic conductors. These active solders allow for flux-free joining of these materials to metals and enable conductor bus connections to the power side of the photovoltaic solar cells. Ultrasonic soldering irons have also been shown to bond ceramic backings and heat sinks to concentrator photovoltaic solar panels, producing virtually void-free joints that form effective heat sinks at the ultra-high power densities expected in CPV applications Protect photovoltaic materials.