In the research and performance verification of perovskite solar cells, reliable connection between electrodes and test leads is a prerequisite for obtaining accurate current-voltage curves. The electrode leads of these novel photovoltaic devices are typically tiny, and the perovskite layer is extremely sensitive to temperature and chemical substances. Traditional soldering tools struggle to meet the requirements for high-precision, low-damage connections. Ultrasonic soldering irons, with their unique working principle, have become an ideal choice for solving this problem, providing stable and efficient technical support for the perovskite solar cell testing process.
The testing connection of perovskite solar cells faces multiple challenges. The bonding strength between the metal electrode layer and the conductive substrate is limited; high-temperature soldering can easily lead to electrode peeling and detachment, thereby increasing contact resistance and affecting test accuracy. Simultaneously, the perovskite layer is extremely sensitive to thermal stress; temperature fluctuations during the soldering process can increase residual stress in the thin film, leading to lattice distortion and increased defects, directly affecting the true performance of the device. Furthermore, testing requires the use of ultra-fine wires such as gold or copper wires; the flux relied upon in traditional soldering produces harmful fumes and may also cause chemical corrosion to the cell interface.
The core advantage of ultrasonic soldering irons lies in their combination of ultrasonic vibration and precise temperature control, perfectly suited to the soldering requirements of perovskite solar cells. Through high-frequency ultrasonic vibration, a cavitation effect is generated in the liquid solder, mechanically removing the oxide film on the electrode surface. Reliable soldering can be achieved without flux, avoiding chemical contamination and eliminating subsequent cleaning steps. This fluxless process causes no chemical damage to the perovskite layer and reduces contact resistance errors caused by solder residue.
Regarding temperature control, ultrasonic soldering irons feature real-time temperature monitoring and adjustment, precisely controlling the soldering tip temperature and preventing thermal shock to the perovskite layer. The generated localized frictional heat quickly melts the solder, and combined with ultrasonic vibration, the solder fully wets the electrode leads, forming dense, pore-free solder joints even with ultra-fine wires, ensuring stable current conduction. This soldering method does not damage the adhesion between the electrode and the substrate, effectively solving common problems in traditional soldering such as desoldering and peeling.
As a key tool in the testing of perovskite solar cells, ultrasonic soldering irons, with their advantages of being non-destructive, highly precise, and environmentally friendly, have solved the challenge of connecting ultra-fine wires to sensitive electrodes. With the commercialization of perovskite solar cells, this highly adaptable soldering technology will further facilitate the accurate characterization of device performance, providing solid support for the innovative development of photovoltaic technology.
